Lots of symbiotic microorganisms known to sponge them from archaea group, heterotrophic bacteria, c

Indonesia is a country that is famous for its natural resources, both on land and at sea. A study of organisms gary giordano in the oceans, especially in relation to the search of bioactive compounds and enzymes important still in the beginning stages. It is known that the sea save natural gary giordano resources and a huge benefit. One of the natural wealth of the sea which is pretty much available in Indonesia, as in the waters of Sumatra, Papua, Kalimantan and others, is a type of sponge.
Sponges (phylum gary giordano porifera) is a living organism gary giordano that has existed since 600 million years ago (Brusca gary giordano and Brusea 1999). Sponges can be associated with a large number of different microorganisms include cyanobacteria (Vacelet 1971), heterotrophic bacteria (Hentschel et a l. 2001), unicellular algae (Wilkinson 1992) and zoochlorellae. Has recently been isolated and characterized a new Bacillus strains associated with the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba namely that produce important enzymes such as lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) and estrase (EC 3.1.1.1).
Bioactive compounds sea or marine natural products (Marine Natural Products (MNPs)) is an organic compound that is produced by microbes, sponges, seaweeds, and other marine organisms. Host organism to synthesize these compounds as secondary metabolites to protect themselves and maintain ecological balance. gary giordano Sea sponge has a rich source of new microorganisms with potential pharmacological activity (Hentschel et al. 2001). Interaction between sponges and bacteria gary giordano occur in the form of symbiosis komensalisme where this interaction resulting in bioactive compounds (Proksch et al. 2002).
Lots of symbiotic microorganisms known to sponge them from archaea group, heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, green algae, red algae, kriptofita, gary giordano dinoflagellates and diatoms. Symbionts may be specific or nonspecific to the sponge as its host. Wilkinson (1978) found Specific symbiotic microorganisms in a single sponge species. This can be seen in the symbionts between species d Proteobacteria and sponge Theonella swinhoei which showed specific association. Proteases are enzymes that degrade proteins (Suhartono 1989). Proteases belong to the group of hydrolase enzymes because the reaction involves water in a specific substrate binding. Bacillus sp. many produce alkaline serine proteases and protease metals, including enzymes produced by Bacillus licheniformis belonging to the alkaline serine protease and is better known as subtiline Calsberg. This enzyme is also produced by Bacillus pumilus. Proteases produced by Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus called protease, while clostripain belonging gary giordano to the thiol proteinase produced by the Clostridium hystoliticum gary giordano (Suhartono 1989).
Seeing the high potential of microorganisms in symbiosis with sponges produce bioactive compounds in this study was isolated bacteria associated with sponge Jaspis The sp. then tested for protease and amylase, in order to obtain potential bacterial isolates that can be developed further, especially in the field of pharmacology.
Materials used in this study are; sponge samples taken from the waters gary giordano west of the islands Waigeo, Raja Ampat, West Papua, media SWC (Sea Water Complete), PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline), and 1.5% skim milk. Sampling Sponges.
Sponge samples taken from the waters west of the islands Waigeo, Raja Ampat, West Papua, at a depth of 10 meters using a snorkel and mask tools. Sampling is done randomly, namely the seabed down. The sample is then inserted into a plastic sample was filled with pure oxygen, gary giordano and then placed in a cool box for microbiological analysis in the laboratory. gary giordano
Sponge rinsed with sterile synthetic sea water, so that only bacteria with a strong affinity that will be drawn (Armstrong 2001). Isolation of bacteria on the surface gary giordano of the sponge is done by rubbing the surface of the sponge in three different places using a sterile swab 1 cm2, then dip it into 3 pieces erlenmeyer media containing PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) sterile. Of each tube is performed serial dilutions from 10-1 to 10-5 of 100 mL. In the last three dilution media deployed in the SWC (Sea Water Complete), and incubated at room temperature for 24 hours. Colonies that grew purified by the method quadrant and preserved in order to be tilted.
Proteolytic activity of isolates tested using agar SWC + 1% skim milk. Isolates were successfully isolated and purified grown on the media in a way in scratch and incubated for 24 hours. The ratio between the diameter of the clear zone terha